Characteristics and elements of system

Characteristics of a system

Any of the system causes certain characteristics: 

1. Organisation: It is the arrangement of components in particular order to achieve and objective it implies structure and order. The proper arrange arrangement controls the proper flow of communication.
2. Interaction: Interaction refer to the manner in which each component functions with other component function. For example: In computer system the CPU must interact with input device to solve problems. So input data must be stored in in RAM so that ALU data might compute it. The computed result should be displayed in monitor and must be stored if needed. Therefore, all the components work together to perform the computation.
3. Interdependence: It means that parts of organisation depend on each other. They are coordinated and linked together according to their plan. One subsystem depends on another subsystem for proper functioning i.e. the output of one system is the required input for the another system, no subsystem can function in isolation. Interdependency is required to perform functions efficiently.
4. Integration: It refers to wholish of a system it is concerned with how is system is tied together. It is more than sharing 9 physical part or location. It means that part of a system work together within a system even though each component performs a unique function. Successful integration will typically produce synergistic effect and greater total impact than if each component work separately.
5. Central objective: The last characteristic of a system is central objective. Objective may be real or stated. Although stated objective maybe the real objective, it is not uncommon for an organisation state one objective and operate to achieve other. The important part is that users must know Central objective of the system.

Key Elements of a System

1. Input and output: The main objective of any system is to generate output required by the user. the output can be in the form of goods, services and information. whatever the nature of the output, it must meet with the expectations of the user. Inputs are the elements like material, human resources, information.
2. Process: It is the operational component of a system. It involves the actual conversion of inputs into output based on the specification of outputs. Processor may modify inputs totally or partially.
3. Control: It regulate the system operation. It is the decision making sub-system that controls the activity related to input, processing and output.
4. Feedback: Feedback measures output against standard in some form of procedures that include communication and control. It is true that that control in a dynamic system is ensured. What information is feedback to the input or process for deliberation. Output of a system needs to be observed and feedback from the output to taken so as to improve the system and make it achieve the latest standards. Feedback may be negative or positive routine or information. Positive feedback strengthens the performance of a system and negative feedback generally provides the control for information or action. 
5. Environment: The environment is Supriya system with which an organisation function. It is the source of external elements that make an input on the system. It often determines how system must operate. Every system whether it is natural or man-made co-exist with an environment. it is very important for a system to adapt itself to its environment.
6. Boundary and interfaces: Every system has defined a boundary within which it operates. Boundaries are the limits that identify the systems complete components, processes and interrelationship and then interacts with other system. Boundaries of each system determines its range of influence and control. Big system may be seen as a set of interacting small systems known as a sub-system or functional unit each of which has its defined task. All the sub-system work in coordination to achieve overall objective of a system.